A ledger account is a record of all transactions affecting a particular account within the general ledger. Individual transactions are identified within the ledger account with a date, transaction number, and description to make it easier for business owners and accountants to research the reason for the transaction.

Balance sheets provide a snapshot of a company financial position by presenting its assets, liabilities, and equity at a specific point in time. Assets are what the company owns, liabilities are what it owes, and equity represents ownership. The equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity, ensures the balance sheet fundamental principle: assets must equal the sum of liabilities and equity

Profit and Loss (P&L) statements, also known as income statements, provide a detailed financial overview of a company performance over a specific period. They start with total revenues generated from sales and then subtract all operating expenses, including cost of goods sold (COGS), operating expenses, taxes, and interest. The resulting net profit (or loss) represents the company bottom-line earnings after all costs are considered.

A Trial Balance is an accounting worksheet that lists all general ledger accounts and their balances. It serves as a fundamental check to ensure total debits equal total credits, verifying data accuracy across major accounting items like assets, liabilities, equity, revenues, expenses, gains, and losses.

To perform accounting journal entries, identify the transaction, analyze its impact on accounts, and record it in a journal with debits and credits. Ensure entries balance and post them to the general ledger for accurate financial reporting.